49 BC

Events in 49 BC 1

• 49 BC – 45 BC Caesar's Civil War On 10 January 49 BC, Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon river — the boundary of his province — with his army, an act of war against the Roman state. "Alea iacta est" — the die is cast. Pompey and the Senate flee Italy. Caesar defeats Pompeian forces in Spain, then pursues Pompey to Greece, winning the decisive battle of Pharsalus (48 BC). Pompey flees to Egypt and is murdered on arrival. Caesar defeats the remaining Pompeian forces at Thapsus (46 BC) and Munda (45 BC). He is master of the Roman world.