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Events on Thursday 1 January 1948 4
1948 – 1952Children's Radio ChoirJoined a children's radio choir at the age of nine, becoming one of its leading soloists by eleven.
1948 – 1950Communist Party and ExpulsionsJoined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia as a young man but was twice expelled, experiences that would shape his literary exploration of political ideology and individual conscience.
1948Constitution of Italy comes into forcePostwar republic's founding charter takes effectThe Constitution of the Italian Republic, drafted after the 1946 referendum that abolished the monarchy, took effect on January 1, 1948. It established Italy as a democratic republic with a parliamentary system and enshrined civil rights and regional autonomy. The document remains the basis of Italian governance today.
1948 – 1949Kyoto School of ArtsStudied nihonga, a traditional Japanese painting style, at the Kyoto Municipal School of Arts and Crafts. Grew frustrated with the conventions of Japanese art and became fascinated by European and American avant-garde movements.