Timeline Thursday 10 November 1938

Events on Thursday 10 November 1938 3

• 1881 – 1938 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) Died 10 November 1938, aged 57 Atatürk founded the Republic of Turkey and was its first president. He led the Turkish War of Independence and carried out wide-ranging secular, legal and alphabet reforms.
• 1938 Kristallnacht Night of Broken Glass A violent pogrom against Jews across Nazi Germany, signaling an escalation in anti-Semitic persecution.
• 1938 Kristallnacht Nationwide pogrom against Jews in Germany and Austria Using the shooting of the diplomat Ernst vom Rath by Herschel Grynszpan as a pretext, Nazi paramilitaries and civilians burned synagogues and wrecked Jewish shops and homes across the Reich. About 30,000 Jewish men were sent to concentration camps. Afterwards the Jewish community was fined one billion Reichsmarks.