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Events on Wednesday 13 October 1909 1
1859 – 1909Francisco Ferrer (1859-1909)Died 13 October 1909, aged 50Francisco Ferrer was a Catalan educator and anarchist who founded Barcelona's secular Escuela Moderna, promoting rationalist, non-religious schooling. Spanish authorities accused him of instigating the Tragic Week riots of July 1909 and executed him by firing squad on 13 October despite thin evidence. His death sparked international protests and made him a symbol for secular education and anti-clerical movements.