Dashed left edge = started before April 1839 ·
Dashed right edge = ongoing beyond April 1839
Events in April 1839 2
1839First Treaty of LondonPartition & autonomyThe First Treaty of London cedes the French-speaking western half of Luxembourg to Belgium; the remaining German-speaking territory takes the shape of the modern country and gains greater autonomy.
1839Treaty of LondonIndependence & neutrality recognisedThe Treaty of London formally recognises Belgian independence and guarantees its neutrality — the "scrap of paper" Germany would violate in 1914.