Dashed left edge = started before July 1803 ·
Dashed right edge = ongoing beyond July 1803
Events in July 1803 2
1803Robert Emmet leads Irish uprisingFailed rebellion against British rule in DublinRobert Emmet led a short-lived uprising in Dublin aiming to seize the city and spark a wider rebellion against British rule. The rising collapsed within hours amid disorganization and violence. Emmet was captured soon after and executed for treason.
1803Surrey Iron Railway opensWorld's first public railway begins operationThe Surrey Iron Railway opened between Wandsworth and Croydon in England, allowing any operator to run horse-drawn wagons on its tracks for a toll. It is generally regarded as the world's first public railway, open to all users rather than a single company. It carried goods rather than passengers.