Timeline September 1513

Events in September 1513 3

• 1473 – 1513 James IV of Scotland (1473-1513) Died 9 September 1513, aged 40 James IV ruled Scotland from 1488 and fostered a cultural renaissance at his court while pursuing an alliance with France against England. He was killed leading his army at the Battle of Flodden, becoming the last monarch from the British Isles to die in battle. His death left the crown to his infant son, James V.
• 1513 Battle of Flodden English forces crush a Scottish invasion, killing King James IV An English army under the Earl of Surrey defeated an invading Scottish force at Flodden in Northumberland. King James IV of Scotland was killed along with much of the Scottish nobility, making it the last battle in which a British monarch died in combat. The defeat devastated Scotland's military and left the infant James V on the throne.
• 1513 Balboa Sights the Pacific Ocean Spanish explorer becomes the first European to see the Pacific from the Americas Vasco Nunez de Balboa led an expedition across the Isthmus of Panama and sighted the ocean he named Mar del Sur, the Pacific Ocean. The crossing gave Europeans their first direct knowledge of a separate ocean beyond the Americas, reshaping ideas about world geography. Balboa claimed the sea and its shores for the Spanish crown.