Dashed left edge = started before this timeline ·
Dashed right edge = still ongoing
Events in 1279 2
300 BC – 1279Chola dynasty (South India)A great maritime and temple-building powerThe Cholas of the Tamil south were one of the longest-ruling dynasties in history, rising from the Sangam age to a medieval maritime empire that projected naval power across the Bay of Bengal to Southeast Asia. They built magnificent temples such as the Brihadeeswarar at Thanjavur and patronised bronze sculpture and Tamil literature.
907 – 1279Five Dynasties & Song DynastyGunpowder, printing, compass — China leads the world in technologyThe Song dynasty oversaw an economic and technological revolution. Gunpowder weapons, movable type printing (Bi Sheng, 1040), and the magnetic compass were all developed or perfected during this period. China's population reached 100 million. Despite never matching the Tang's military power and eventually losing northern China to the Jurchen Jin dynasty, the Song's commercial economy and urban culture were the most sophisticated in the world.